5 Differences Between Apostles and Disciples

The terms “apostles” and “disciples” are often used interchangeably, but there are distinct differences between these two groups of followers that played crucial roles in the early Christian movement. Here, we explore the nuances that set these two designations apart.

1. Selection and Calling: The apostles were specifically chosen and commissioned by Jesus himself. In the Gospel of Mark, it is written, "And he went up on the mountain and called to him those whom he desired, and they came to him. And he appointed twelve (whom he also named apostles) so that they might be with him and he might send them out to preach" (Mark 3:13-14). This explicit calling and naming set the apostles apart as a select group with a unique mission.

   In contrast, the term "disciple" is more broad and encompasses a larger group of followers. Disciples were those who believed in Jesus' teachings and followed him. They were often drawn to his words and deeds, seeking to learn and emulate his way of life. While they may have received personal teachings from Jesus, they were not specifically chosen or designated with a special title or mission.
2. Leadership and Authority: Apostles were not only followers but also leaders within the early Christian community. They were entrusted with significant responsibilities, including preaching, healing, and performing miracles. In the Acts of the Apostles, we see Peter, one of the key apostles, taking on a leadership role and speaking boldly on behalf of the early church. This leadership aspect sets apostles apart as key figures in the establishment and growth of the early Christian movement.

   Disciples, while also learning and spreading the teachings of Jesus, did not necessarily hold the same level of authority or leadership positions. They were more akin to students or learners, absorbing the wisdom and guidance of Jesus and potentially passing it on to others. However, their role was often more supportive and less prominent in the public eye.
3. Witnesses to the Resurrection: One of the most significant distinctions between apostles and disciples is their direct experience with the resurrected Jesus. In the Gospel of John, Jesus appears to his disciples and says, "Peace be with you. As the Father has sent me, even so I am sending you. And when he had said this, he breathed on them and said to them, 'Receive the Holy Spirit. If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven; if you withhold forgiveness from any, it is withheld'" (John 20:21-23). Here, we see Jesus bestowing a special mission and power upon the apostles, a privilege not extended to all disciples.

   While many disciples were undoubtedly impacted and inspired by the resurrection, they did not share the same intimate and personal experience with the risen Christ. This unique encounter with the resurrected Jesus solidified the apostles' role as key witnesses to the central event of Christian faith.
4. Commission to Found the Church: Apostles were tasked with a grand mission: to found and establish the Christian church. In Matthew's Gospel, Jesus says, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age" (Matthew 28:18-20). This mandate sets the apostles apart as the foundational leaders of the early church, with a divinely appointed task to spread the gospel and establish Christian communities.

   While disciples also played a vital role in spreading the word and living out the teachings of Jesus, they were not specifically commissioned to found the church. Their contributions were more focused on personal growth, community building, and following the example set by Jesus and the apostles.
5. Symbolic Representation: The number of apostles, often referred to as "The Twelve," holds symbolic significance. The number twelve is linked to the twelve tribes of Israel, representing the fulfillment of God's promises to his chosen people. This symbolic representation sets the apostles apart as a special group, carrying the weight of divine history and the hopes of a new religious movement.

   Disciples, while numerous and diverse, do not carry the same symbolic weight. Their numbers were not fixed or representative of a specific historical or theological concept. They were a more amorphous group, reflecting the wide reach and inclusive nature of Jesus' teachings.

These distinctions between apostles and disciples highlight the unique roles and significance of each group within the early Christian community. While both were essential to the spread of Christianity, the apostles held a more prominent and designated place in the establishment and leadership of the church.